May 17 2009

storytelling

The psychiatrist approached the mess without proper respect for the mess, Garp thought. The psychiatrist’s object was to clear the head; it was Garp’s opinion that this was usually accomplished (when it was accomplished) by throwing away all the messy things. That is the simplest way to clean up, Garp knew. The trick is to use the mess - to make the messy things work for you.

That passage is from my favourite chapter of my favourite book: Chapter Nine, ‘The Eternal Husband’, of The World According to Garp by John Irving. It is a book about a writer. Most books about writers don’t work; this one does. If you haven’t read it, I suggest you do.

So many of my revelations come when I’m desperate for new TV. I avoided watching Grey’s Anatomy for, what is it now, almost five years. It sounded like Ally McBeal with doctors, and I was never interested. I have now watched two episodes and haven’t been dissuaded of my original assumption, but I’ll keep watching because it’s summer and there’s fuckall else on. I’m an optimist.

I watched the second episode on my Sunday break between school and writing - I needed something to help me switch gears in my head. It made me think about story. When you’re sitting on your hands wondering if your novel will ever sell - or after the general quality of your present and future works - a lot of things inspire you to think about story in a melancholy way. This second episode of Grey’s made me think of Garp, and what he might think of the ‘mess’ of the story arc and how it was ‘cleaned up’.

The premise of Grey’s Anatomy is a bunch of rather gorgeous young doctors working in a hospital whose only complications are allegorical. This episode I watched today begins with the main character, Meredith Grey, talking about the importance of boundaries - personal, professional, and social. It ends with her saying that boundaries ‘don’t keep other people out; they just fence you in’, after which observation she takes her turtlenecked, leather-handbagged gorgeous self off to the parking lot to hang with her other doctor friends.

I have no objection to this, but it strikes me that it is writing, and not psychiatry, that attempts to ‘clean up’. Psychiatry seems at least to recognize that you can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs. In writing, there is simply no room for broken eggs.

This episode had one object in mind: show interns learning the ropes and growing up and getting to know each other. How distracting would it be if one of them were ugly, right, or overweight, because then you’d wonder how an ugly person came to be a doctor, and that would have to be a part of the story. Fat people can be secondary characters, not principals. This is of course true of most television, most film; and the best that novelists can do with such a thorny issue is avoid physical description of their characters at all.

Wouldn’t it be lovely if you could have an ugly main character without making an issue of it? I know I’m not the first person to say that. (’It’s like,’ Liz Lemon says, ‘those Dove commercials never even happened.’)

When I first queried The Fidelity Trial, I did it with the mess left in. I was lucky enough to find an agent who was willing to work with me to make my story a story, with a beginning, middle, and end. I wanted ugliness, illiteracy, and people peeing their pants. (How likely is it, really, that you could keep vigil in a closet for a night without having to go to the bathroom? Come on.) But that didn’t make a story. If the lady pees her pants (or whichever garment you prefer) during her all-night vigil, you forget what the vigil’s about.

People say that the best art reflects life; I don’t know if that’s true. I think we’ve enough life around us to reflect life, and that art should do something else, or at least come at it from a different angle - even holding up a mirror to something makes it look different, makes its nose more crooked or straight.

When asked about his portrayal of Henry VIII, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers says, ‘The reality is that viewers don’t want to see an obese, red-haired guy on a TV series.’ He makes it seem as though he’s made a discomfiting artistic decision, there, and defends it by going on to say that ‘nobody can tell me that how I played Henry isn’t right.’ So here we have Henry at a different angle - and who’s to say it’s the wrong one? I’m a Tudor historian, and I can’t say that. We all know that he was well on his way to fattitude by 1537, but his being fat, in a way, is like my maid of honour peeing herself - it’s become a distraction, and an excuse not to look at what else he was.

It’s another way of rearranging the mess, right: not using it, as per Garp’s instructions, but clearing a space on the floor so that you can move and look around. The Tudors eliminates Fat Henry from the mix, and that’s problematic, because with it they also eliminate Henry’s own character arc: you can’t show someone hardening, which is what Henry did, if he just goes from gorgeous bastard move to gorgeous bastard move. But it’s also interesting and clever: it makes you more willing to look at him, to understand him as a human being, to trust him again and again, because you want to trust Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, no matter how many asshole stunts he pulls.

But The Tudors is airbrushed fare: you’re not meant to see anything unpleasant beyond throats being slit, so it’s dangerous to read too much into it. The show was never meant to be about reality, which makes its occasional genuine insights all the more alarming.

I think what bugs me about Grey’s is that it has no such cartoonish claim: it wants to be gritty, to be real, to be frightening and cute and funny and poignant - in short, to run the gamut. And yes, it might be distracting if Ellen Pompeo had a huge boil on her nose or one tit bigger than the other. But what I do find distracting is the idea that, after a shift of however many dozens of hours, she doesn’t look dirty; her face is free of mascara flakes (not possible); her pants don’t have that accordion of wrinkles from sitting down that all pants have except when they’re fresh out of the wash.

So too with shows like 30 Rock, for all that I love my 30 Rock. Liz Lemon is meant to be a rough caricature of Tina Fey 15 years ago, the old Tina Fey who was a full 35 pounds heavier than she is now. So the show leaves the food in, and leaves us watching in torment while new skinny Tina Fey eats her way through another week in the life and never so much as feels bloated. There are a lot of explanations for this, and I’ve made them all - a bag of cheezies a day isn’t going to make you fat if that’s all you eat, for example. (This is not a diet. This is not a lesson.) But still, it stops you, every now and again - you love it at first, because she likes just what you like! And then a few episodes in, you look at her, and you look at you, and you think that Liz Lemon must have some secret she’s keeping from you. And maybe she does! Maybe season four will be all about Liz Lemon’s Tapeworm. Who knows.

I think my point is that the viewing and reading public can probably be trusted with seeing a bit more of the mess without becoming distracted. The problem with The Fidelity Trial, in its incarnation circa 2008, was that the story wasn’t complete - not that there were too many elements, but that there were vital elements missing. When you know what your story is - when you have your beginning, middle, and end - then you can start pouring on the mascara-flake detail that gives it dimension and makes it real.

And if you fail to do that, well, you’ll have a monstrously successful primetime television show that some unwashed bint in Cambridge will waste an hour complaining about.

(I can’t believe I wanted to post about the art of the mess and ended up with such a telling microcosm of the Achilles heel of all of my first drafts. Try clearing room on your virtual floor to sort this shit out.)

Till next time, &c &c.


Nov 9 2008

history for art’s sake

… or art for history’s sake?

On This Spot, I have provided deservedly derisive reviews of the brainchildren of writer Michael Hirst and director Shekhar Kapur, Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age. I hated the 1998 film, hated it not only as a scholar (and I was only a scholar in the very meanest sense of the term back then) but as a sentient human being, that others might think to trick me into thinking that Elizabeth represented the truth, or even a fiction that was more captivating than the truth.

The Golden Age got decidedly worse reviews, oddly, because I thought it was better. Indefensible for the most part but sensorily better, a marginally superior screencap of that time and that court.

I remember directing right-thinking people to Elizabeth R, the 1971 BBC masterpiece starring Glenda Jackson. After having seen the first season of The Tudors (also a Michael Hirst accomplishment), I similarly pointed everyone I could find to Elizabeth R’s predecessor, the BBC’s 1969 six-hour production The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Caught in the knot between repacing my novel (about the destruction of Anne Boleyn, found in magnificently erroneous technicolor on Showtime this past spring) and culling together sources for my dissertation (about the spectacle of pregnancy in early modern England - two subjects not terribly far apart), I don’t know if I could now as earnestly ask anyone to watch the flourescent-lit and badly-fit BBC productions over the salacity and car-crashery of The Tudors.

Part of this shift in opinion is scholarly - historiography has entered a post-Eltonian age, and many of the truths espoused in the 1969 and 1971 productions are now being called into question. But that’s not the whole reason, or even the real one: it’s a fig leaf I hide behind because in two years I’m going to be Dr Sarah, if all goes well. The real reason is that art serves history just as history serves art - anyone who doesn’t believe this is ignorant or delusional - and, whatever I might say about Michael Hirst (and I have a lot to say), The Tudors is art.

There are a few different kinds of people who are drawn to history through the medium of film, television, or novels, and there are a few different stages they go through.

1. Wow, history is exciting! Look at all that blood! Look at those tans! I wish I could eat by candlelight and wear pretty dresses (or pretty breeches, as the case may be).

2. Hey, that doesn’t seem to be what really happened, but Natalie Dormer’s still pretty hot.

3. Wow, that’s really not what happened.

4. I can’t believe this fraud is being perpetuated on the people! I’m going to write a book to set the record straight.

5. Hey, how did I get interested in this in the first place?

OK, so it’s not the Five Stages of Grief. It’s not even applicable to the vast majority of people who are attracted to historical fiction. All right, fine, it’s just me. And I only reached Stage Five about a month ago.

I first became interested in early modern English history because of a 1986 movie starring Helena Bonham Carter and Cary Elwes called Lady Jane. It was about Jane Grey, and man, was it a barnburner, and man, was it ever wild, wild fiction. I was fourteen (not in 1986 - I watched the movie in a friend’s basement in 1993). When I reached Stage Three above, I denounced the film high and low, claimed that my historical interest was piqued in some book or other, and tried to develop a reputation for myself as a Serious Person. I later managed to maintain the facade of Serious whilst still getting my flashy movie fix: watching The Tudors, I yelled at the television whenever something wrong or simply incomprehensible happened - friends claim to have enjoyed my ex tempore annotations.

I still hate Elizabeth, mind, because it’s so jumpy and arbitrary as to be completely unenjoyable even on a sensory level.

There are now three days between me and my thirtieth birthday. The time has come to face some Inconvenient Truths. If I get to be Dr Sarah, it will be because a friend made me watch Lady Jane in 1993. I don’t care that Guildford Dudley was, in fact, a whiny little bitch constantly hiding behind his mother’s skirts; I don’t care that Jane Grey was about as bigoted and short-sighted a Puritan as existed in the sixteenth century (although, really, poor girl). Admit it, admit it, admit it: the movie was well done. It took the fragile skein of a love story and turned it into a bona fide love story, which is what all good historical fiction can do: it shapes the boundaries of what might have been possible. It sparks interest. It turns history into a story - you can catch up on the facts later.

I’ve discovered that what I truly object to is this refashioning being badly or sloppily done. Elizabeth was hopelessly slipshod, and it is only amongst the worst of a whole pantheon of shitty movies exploiting the preconception of bygone gore to ratchet up box office returns. It failed entirely to consult the boundaries of the possible.

People forget that most of history is not written down (believe me, when you’re trying to gather sources for something as nebulous as pregnancy, you remember this in a hurry). History is never finished: historical study is constant salvos of interpretation and anyone with any talent can take the possibilities of a given historical situation and imbue it with flash and modern meaning, exploiting history’s twin powers of continuity and change to hold a mirror up to who we really are. The Lion in Winter is not a study of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, not a treatise on the Angevin succession crisis: it’s a wickedly tragicomic rendering of a dysfunctional family. Do we have those now, or is that strictly a 12th-century thing? And yet, although history tells us that there was no Christmas gathering at Chinon in 1183, what James Goldman (older, horribly-overlooked brother of William, of The Princess Bride fame) has written is a perfect rendering of the political and familial mise-en-scene of that time. Was it historically accurate in every particular? Certainly not (dudes, it had a Christmas tree). Does that matter? Not really.

When my agent told me that I was writing historical fiction, not history, and that I’d better start thinking that way in a hurry, my first reaction was fear: didn’t she understand? Doesn’t she know that I want to wrest this ersatz, shiteous “truth” that other authors have been throwing around about Anne Boleyn for centuries and set the record straight? After some thought I realized I was thinking like a zealot, like an evangelical, and started looking again to the boundaries of the possible, to shaping what is historically real and meaningful into something that could move my twenty-first-century compatriots and make them think about the world we live in. I told myself: it is OK to have a historical imagination. In fact, it’s the first requirement of any historical novelist - or any historian, for that matter.

I think Jonathan Rhys-Meyers is pretty boring as Henry VIII, but you won’t hear me objecting to The Tudors again (although really, Gabrielle Anwar’s tan is a bit much). It fiddles with dates and amalgamates sisters and invents uncles and posits a Puritan ascendancy at least twenty years before it actually happened, but it’s good TV. It gets people interested - maybe in 15 years, some 29-year-old having an existential crisis will be hopelessly mired in a doctorate degree because of it.

Besides, who’s to say that The Tudors is wrong? Or Elizabeth R? Or The Fidelity Trial, for that matter? History is never finished: no one version of events is ever going to be irrefutably right.

Till next time, if God wills it, &c &c.

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